http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/ en-us Copyright 2008. Montana State University Libraries MSU Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) PDF's via iTunes Jason A. Clark Recently Updated Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) from Montana State University via iTunes RSS. Recently Updated Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) from Montana State University via iTunes RSS. Jason A. Clark jaclark@montana.edu no http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=637 Anti-price gouging (APG) laws are state-level price controls only effective during times of emergency. From standard economic analysis, there are no apparent beneficiaries from price ceilings. Thus, the enactment of APG laws is puzzling from an economic perspective. The passage of APG laws is first analyzed with case studies of all thirty-one state laws. The case studies include information such as disasters that triggered the enactment of the laws, detail on enforcement and penalties, and information on supporters and opponents. This information is used to help determine why policymakers enac Davis, Cale Wren Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Applied Economics graduate program at Montana State University Anti-price gouging (APG) laws are state-level price controls only effective during times of emergency. From standard economic analysis, there are no apparent beneficiaries from price ceilings. Thus, the enactment of APG laws is puzzling from an economic perspective. The passage of APG laws is first analyzed with case studies of all thirty-one state laws. The case studies include information such as disasters that triggered the enactment of the laws, detail on enforcement and penalties, and information on supporters and opponents. This information is used to help determine why policymakers enac http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=637 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 hazard models, passage of laws, price gouging, survival analysis http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=638 In cereals, senescence is a highly regulated and organized process in which the nutrients located in the leaves are translocated to the developing seeds. During this process multiple signaling cascades are activated either up-regulating or down-regulating senescence related genes. The majority of the nitrogen to be remobilized is located in the leaves in plastidial proteins, especially Rubisco. These proteins must be degraded before their components can be translocated to be reutilized in the seeds. The mechanism for plastidial protein degradation is largely unknown at this time. Proteases loc Heidlebaugh, Nancy Marie Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Plant Science graduate program at Montana State University In cereals, senescence is a highly regulated and organized process in which the nutrients located in the leaves are translocated to the developing seeds. During this process multiple signaling cascades are activated either up-regulating or down-regulating senescence related genes. The majority of the nitrogen to be remobilized is located in the leaves in plastidial proteins, especially Rubisco. These proteins must be degraded before their components can be translocated to be reutilized in the seeds. The mechanism for plastidial protein degradation is largely unknown at this time. Proteases loc http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=638 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 barley, leaf senescence, nitrogen reallocation, preteases, grain protein content, cloning, gene expression http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=639 Sheep grazing can lower leafy spurge biomass production; however, forage available for other domestic livestock or wildlife after sheep grazing is unknown. Our objective was to determine how forage biomass was affected by different sheep grazing patterns to answer the following questions: 1) will forage consumed by sheep while grazing leafy spurge be mitigated by higher forage biomass production resulting from lowering leafy spurge biomass production, 2) what timing and intensity of grazing maximizes forage biomass production and minimizes leafy spurge biomass production, 3) will defoliating l Hileman, Benjamin John Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Animal and Range Sciences graduate program at Montana State University Sheep grazing can lower leafy spurge biomass production; however, forage available for other domestic livestock or wildlife after sheep grazing is unknown. Our objective was to determine how forage biomass was affected by different sheep grazing patterns to answer the following questions: 1) will forage consumed by sheep while grazing leafy spurge be mitigated by higher forage biomass production resulting from lowering leafy spurge biomass production, 2) what timing and intensity of grazing maximizes forage biomass production and minimizes leafy spurge biomass production, 3) will defoliating l http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=639 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 invasive weeds, sheep grazing, leafy spurge, targeted grazing http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=640 Researchers have demonstrated that oral contraceptive users have elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, it is unclear whether or not CRP is elevated in response to inflammation. Results of preliminary studies indicate that individuals with elevated CRP exhibit diminished release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory mediator with anti-inflammatory properties. Low IL-6 may cause less control of inflammation and a resultant elevation of CRP. The inflammatory response was compared between female oral contraceptive (OC) users and non-OC users because of the known elevation of Kasper, Christine Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Health and Human Development graduate program at Montana State University Researchers have demonstrated that oral contraceptive users have elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. However, it is unclear whether or not CRP is elevated in response to inflammation. Results of preliminary studies indicate that individuals with elevated CRP exhibit diminished release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), an inflammatory mediator with anti-inflammatory properties. Low IL-6 may cause less control of inflammation and a resultant elevation of CRP. The inflammatory response was compared between female oral contraceptive (OC) users and non-OC users because of the known elevation of http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=640 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 oral contraceptives, inflammation, eccentric exercise http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=641 The mathematics content knowledge of elementary education majors is well documented as being weak in most instances. Mathematics content courses, aimed at helping pre-service elementary teachers become more competent and confident in their knowledge of the mathematics they will teach, often provide inadequate time for practice and demonstration of mathematics knowledge and skills. As a response to this issue, this study examined how implementation of assessments based on a "Rule of Four" might increase the mathematics content knowledge of pre-service elementary teachers. The &quot Nilsen, Cheryl Elaine Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Education graduate program at Montana State University The mathematics content knowledge of elementary education majors is well documented as being weak in most instances. Mathematics content courses, aimed at helping pre-service elementary teachers become more competent and confident in their knowledge of the mathematics they will teach, often provide inadequate time for practice and demonstration of mathematics knowledge and skills. As a response to this issue, this study examined how implementation of assessments based on a "Rule of Four" might increase the mathematics content knowledge of pre-service elementary teachers. The &quot http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=641 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 assessment, mathematics achievement, mathematics, preservice elementary teachers, mathematics teaching, learning mathematics, mathematics assessment, rule of four http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=643 A propagation program for pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the upper Missouri River was implemented by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1997. Preliminary research indicated that many hatchery-reared pallid sturgeon were experiencing significant downstream poststocking dispersal, negatively affecting their recruitment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acclimation to flow and site-specific physicochemical water conditions on poststocking dispersal and physiological condition of age-1 pallid sturgeon. Fish from three acclimation treatments were ra Oldenburg, Eric William Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Biological Sciences graduate program at Montana State University A propagation program for pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus in the upper Missouri River was implemented by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 1997. Preliminary research indicated that many hatchery-reared pallid sturgeon were experiencing significant downstream poststocking dispersal, negatively affecting their recruitment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of acclimation to flow and site-specific physicochemical water conditions on poststocking dispersal and physiological condition of age-1 pallid sturgeon. Fish from three acclimation treatments were ra http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=643 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 acclimation, poststocking dispersal, pallid sturgeon http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=644 The SEC's disclosure initiatives passed in 1992 required increased levels of executive compensation disclosure accompanied by new formats for disclosure. I examine the market response to this new regulation at the firm level. I also test for external information spillovers. I find no evidence that the market systematically values the additional information provided by the new proxy format. I also find no evidence of new information spillovers being created by the new disclosure mandates; lending no support for proscriptive regulations. Sullivan, Jared James Crofts Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Applied Economics graduate program at Montana State University The SEC's disclosure initiatives passed in 1992 required increased levels of executive compensation disclosure accompanied by new formats for disclosure. I examine the market response to this new regulation at the firm level. I also test for external information spillovers. I find no evidence that the market systematically values the additional information provided by the new proxy format. I also find no evidence of new information spillovers being created by the new disclosure mandates; lending no support for proscriptive regulations. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=644 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 compensation, disclosure, liquidity, spillovers http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=645 Since the amount of text data stored in computer repositories is growing every day, we need more than ever a reliable way to group or categorize text documents. Most of the existing document clustering techniques use a group of keywords from each document to cluster the documents. In this thesis, we have used a sense based approach to cluster documents instead of using only the frequency of the keywords. We use relationships between the keywords to cluster the documents. The relationships are retrieved from the WordNet ontology and represented in the form of a graph. The document-graphs, which Akbar, Monika Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Computer Science graduate program at Montana State University Since the amount of text data stored in computer repositories is growing every day, we need more than ever a reliable way to group or categorize text documents. Most of the existing document clustering techniques use a group of keywords from each document to cluster the documents. In this thesis, we have used a sense based approach to cluster documents instead of using only the frequency of the keywords. We use relationships between the keywords to cluster the documents. The relationships are retrieved from the WordNet ontology and represented in the form of a graph. The document-graphs, which http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=645 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 document clustering, FP-growth, pattern mining, hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC), subgraph discovery http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=647 Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.) is a deeply taprooted perennial forb infesting millions of hectares of rangeland in western North America. Spotted knapweed forms large monocultures, which lowers plant diversity, reduces livestock and wildlife forage, and increases surface water runoff and sediment yield. It can produce 5,000-40,000 seeds m-2 year-1, and often produces new flowers after prescribed sheep grazing or mowing defoliates spotted knapweed plants during the bolting or flowering stage. Research has yet to determine if new flowers produced following spring/summer defoliation prod Benzel, Katie Rebecca Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Animal and Range Sciences graduate program at Montana State University Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe L.) is a deeply taprooted perennial forb infesting millions of hectares of rangeland in western North America. Spotted knapweed forms large monocultures, which lowers plant diversity, reduces livestock and wildlife forage, and increases surface water runoff and sediment yield. It can produce 5,000-40,000 seeds m-2 year-1, and often produces new flowers after prescribed sheep grazing or mowing defoliates spotted knapweed plants during the bolting or flowering stage. Research has yet to determine if new flowers produced following spring/summer defoliation prod http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=647 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 centaurea stoebe, spotted knapweed, clipping, prescribed sheep grazing, seed viability, seed production http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=648 My paintings are abstractions of the repeated patterns, shapes and structure I see and experience every day. My inspiration comes in many forms: found objects dropped or discarded by others, plowed and planted acres of soil, fence posts along edges of fields, blasts of train whistles and the silent spaces between them. All share similarities of repetition-the positive/negative relationship of reoccurrences with a cadence of structure and order but which never can be fully captured or contained. Bentz, Heather Heise Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Art graduate program at Montana State University My paintings are abstractions of the repeated patterns, shapes and structure I see and experience every day. My inspiration comes in many forms: found objects dropped or discarded by others, plowed and planted acres of soil, fence posts along edges of fields, blasts of train whistles and the silent spaces between them. All share similarities of repetition-the positive/negative relationship of reoccurrences with a cadence of structure and order but which never can be fully captured or contained. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=648 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 found objects, repetition, accumulated, response, repeated patterns, day to day, scroll, memory, time http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=649 Chronic pain and pain management are frequently discussed and debated topics in American medicine today. The patients’ understanding of treatment options for management of chronic pain is a less frequently discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to explore patient perceptions of chronic pain treatment options. The framework for guiding this study was Neuman’s Systems Model (1995) based on the concepts of stress, client stability, and intervention. A review of the literature was completed that revealed very little information on the topic and therefore further rese Benzschawel, Valerie C. Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Nursing graduate program at Montana State University Chronic pain and pain management are frequently discussed and debated topics in American medicine today. The patients’ understanding of treatment options for management of chronic pain is a less frequently discussed topic. The purpose of this study is to explore patient perceptions of chronic pain treatment options. The framework for guiding this study was Neuman’s Systems Model (1995) based on the concepts of stress, client stability, and intervention. A review of the literature was completed that revealed very little information on the topic and therefore further rese http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=649 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 pain, rural, patient perceptions http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=650 Montana's big game species were at one time brought to near extinction through exploitation and the myth of superabundance. Today they are seen as one of the state's most prized possessions, with millions of dollars spent annually on their sustainability through the management efforts of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Funding for Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks is provided through a hunter and manufacturer sponsored excise equipment tax provided through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Program, or as it is more commonly referred to, the Pittman-Robertson Act, as well as state hun Bergstrom, Ryan Dennis Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Earth Sciences graduate program at Montana State University Montana's big game species were at one time brought to near extinction through exploitation and the myth of superabundance. Today they are seen as one of the state's most prized possessions, with millions of dollars spent annually on their sustainability through the management efforts of Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Funding for Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks is provided through a hunter and manufacturer sponsored excise equipment tax provided through the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Program, or as it is more commonly referred to, the Pittman-Robertson Act, as well as state hun http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=650 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 hunting, conservation, Montana-southwest, economics, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=652 Fish passage through culverts is an important component of road and stream crossing design. Although no comprehensive inventory of the number of culverts on fishbearing streams in the United States is available, there is an estimated 1.4 million streamroad crossings. The most common physical characteristics that create barriers to fish passage include excessive water velocity, insufficient water depth and large outlet drop heights. Over the past decade, interest in the effect culvert barriers have on aquatic systems has grown; accordingly, various passage assessment techniques have been used t Blank, Matthew David Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Engineering graduate program at Montana State University Fish passage through culverts is an important component of road and stream crossing design. Although no comprehensive inventory of the number of culverts on fishbearing streams in the United States is available, there is an estimated 1.4 million streamroad crossings. The most common physical characteristics that create barriers to fish passage include excessive water velocity, insufficient water depth and large outlet drop heights. Over the past decade, interest in the effect culvert barriers have on aquatic systems has grown; accordingly, various passage assessment techniques have been used t http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=652 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 fish passage, culverts, barrier assessment, velocity, hydraulic modeling http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=653 In the Great Plains, sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), poisoning, and habitat conversion continue to reduce and fragment black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) habitat in which burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) seek shelter and nest sites. Consequently, burrowing owls are experiencing population declines at the periphery of their range. The objective of this research was to evaluate habitat factors affecting a population of burrowing owls at the eastern extent of their range. I modeled hypothesized relationships between nest density (Chapter 2) and colony productivity (Chapter 3) a Bly, Kristy Lee Sydney Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Biological Scienes graduate program at Montana State University In the Great Plains, sylvatic plague (Yersinia pestis), poisoning, and habitat conversion continue to reduce and fragment black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) habitat in which burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) seek shelter and nest sites. Consequently, burrowing owls are experiencing population declines at the periphery of their range. The objective of this research was to evaluate habitat factors affecting a population of burrowing owls at the eastern extent of their range. I modeled hypothesized relationships between nest density (Chapter 2) and colony productivity (Chapter 3) a http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=653 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 Athene cunicularia, black-tailed prairie dog, Bad River Ranches, burrowing owl, colony productivity, Cynomys ludovicianus, habitat characteristics, nest density, spatial distribution http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=655 Architecture today does not respond to memory, the essence of character. As a result, a disengagement exists between people and place. In a world of constant movement a sense of place is not only uncommon but in some instances unknown; we are continuously in a state of motion. We commonly forget why we are here, who settled the land we now inhabit. We forget that life is more than technology bombarding us at every instant; it is more than work and more than financial success. We forget that life can be more. Architecture is also in this state of constant motion, financial success is placed ahe Boland, Katherine Ellen Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Architecture graduate program at Montana State University Architecture today does not respond to memory, the essence of character. As a result, a disengagement exists between people and place. In a world of constant movement a sense of place is not only uncommon but in some instances unknown; we are continuously in a state of motion. We commonly forget why we are here, who settled the land we now inhabit. We forget that life is more than technology bombarding us at every instant; it is more than work and more than financial success. We forget that life can be more. Architecture is also in this state of constant motion, financial success is placed ahe http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=655 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 memory, architecture http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=681 Breast cancer is the most widely diagnosed cancer among women and the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. "Many women with cancer describe the moment they found out about their diagnosis as truly devastating" (National Breast Cancer Organization [NBCO], 2000, p.1). There are numerous ways in which women cope during this upsetting time. Two ways to help women cope is to encourage them to understand their new diagnosis through education and exploring all available treatment options. There is a shortage of documentation on breast cancer education and few studies have exam Heck, Kimberly Keough Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Nursing graduate program at Montana State University Breast cancer is the most widely diagnosed cancer among women and the second leading cause of death after lung cancer. "Many women with cancer describe the moment they found out about their diagnosis as truly devastating" (National Breast Cancer Organization [NBCO], 2000, p.1). There are numerous ways in which women cope during this upsetting time. Two ways to help women cope is to encourage them to understand their new diagnosis through education and exploring all available treatment options. There is a shortage of documentation on breast cancer education and few studies have exam http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=681 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 breast cancer, educational materials http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=682 A two-color lidar instrument and inversion algorithms have been developed for the study of atmospheric aerosols. The two-color lidar laser transmitter is based on the collinear fundamental 1064 nm and second harmonic 532 nm output of a Nd:YAG laser. Scattered light is collected by the two-color lidar receiver using a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with the 532 nm channel monitored using a gated photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the 1064 nm channel monitored using an avalanche photodiode (APD). Data is collected from the PMT and APD using a 14 bit 200 MHz data acquisition card. The lidar inversion a Hoffman, David Swick Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Electrical Engineering graduate program at Montana State University A two-color lidar instrument and inversion algorithms have been developed for the study of atmospheric aerosols. The two-color lidar laser transmitter is based on the collinear fundamental 1064 nm and second harmonic 532 nm output of a Nd:YAG laser. Scattered light is collected by the two-color lidar receiver using a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope with the 532 nm channel monitored using a gated photomultiplier tube (PMT) and the 1064 nm channel monitored using an avalanche photodiode (APD). Data is collected from the PMT and APD using a 14 bit 200 MHz data acquisition card. The lidar inversion a http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=682 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 lidar, aerosol, atmospheric, CRAM http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=687 The nurses who work at night in acute care and critical access hospitals often must cope with a decreased amount of sleep, increased fatigue, and disruption of multiple physiological circadian rhythms. There is increased demand and rigor placed on night nurses in acute care adding to overall stress and demands on the nurse's ability to function safely and accurately. Simple environmental changes related to rest breaks, naps, and environmental services (work areas, break areas, eating facilities) can optimize the working environment and facilitate the nurse’s self care during the Kellam, Anita Marie Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Nursing graduate program at Montana State University The nurses who work at night in acute care and critical access hospitals often must cope with a decreased amount of sleep, increased fatigue, and disruption of multiple physiological circadian rhythms. There is increased demand and rigor placed on night nurses in acute care adding to overall stress and demands on the nurse's ability to function safely and accurately. Simple environmental changes related to rest breaks, naps, and environmental services (work areas, break areas, eating facilities) can optimize the working environment and facilitate the nurse’s self care during the http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=687 Thu, 15 May 2008 00:00:00 MST 0:00 environmental services, policies, night nurses, naps, hospitals http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=592 An outstanding problem in neuroscience is to describe the relationship between various stimulus sources in the environment and how they are represented by patterns of activity in nervous systems, a problem generically referred to as 'neural coding'. Most previous methods developed to address this problem have assumed a linear relationship between environmental stimuli and neural responses, and generally relied on measures of the mean state of the environment preceding neural activity to characterize the stimulus-response transformation. The goal of this thesis is to develop new methods of ch Aldworth, Zane Nathan Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Neuroscience graduate program at Montana State University An outstanding problem in neuroscience is to describe the relationship between various stimulus sources in the environment and how they are represented by patterns of activity in nervous systems, a problem generically referred to as 'neural coding'. Most previous methods developed to address this problem have assumed a linear relationship between environmental stimuli and neural responses, and generally relied on measures of the mean state of the environment preceding neural activity to characterize the stimulus-response transformation. The goal of this thesis is to develop new methods of ch http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=592 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 neural coding, cricket, physiology, information theory, timing precision, temporal coding, stimulus refinement http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=593 Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus group B (GBS) is a poor immunogen and functions as T cell independent antigen, eliciting low IgG antibody with deficient immunologic memory. We previously identified a peptide, S9, which mimics CPS of type III GBS. Here we have taken steps to develop the mimetic peptide as a vaccine against GBS group III. We enhanced the immunogenicity of the peptide by presenting it on the coat protein of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV). And we searched for better mimetic peptides by constructing a secondary phage display library. To accomplish the first goa Pomwised, Rattanaruji Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Microbiology graduate program at Montana State University Capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus group B (GBS) is a poor immunogen and functions as T cell independent antigen, eliciting low IgG antibody with deficient immunologic memory. We previously identified a peptide, S9, which mimics CPS of type III GBS. Here we have taken steps to develop the mimetic peptide as a vaccine against GBS group III. We enhanced the immunogenicity of the peptide by presenting it on the coat protein of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus (CCMV). And we searched for better mimetic peptides by constructing a secondary phage display library. To accomplish the first goa http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=593 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 Group B Streptococcus, Mimotope, Phage Displayed Peptide, Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus, Th1/Th2 Response http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=594 Road culverts can restrict passage of fish migrating between seasonal habitats. The development of new roads, as well as the repair and upgrade of existing roads, has led to research addressing the effects culverts have on fish populations. The majority of this research has focused on salmonid species, and the effect of culverts on movements of small-bodied, weak swimming species is largely unknown. Fish passage within a assemblage of prairie fishes was examined in two tributaries of the lower Yellowstone River having a variety of culvert types. Passage restriction at culverts was determined u Rosenthal, Leo Richard Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Fish and Wildlife Management graduate program at Montana State University Road culverts can restrict passage of fish migrating between seasonal habitats. The development of new roads, as well as the repair and upgrade of existing roads, has led to research addressing the effects culverts have on fish populations. The majority of this research has focused on salmonid species, and the effect of culverts on movements of small-bodied, weak swimming species is largely unknown. Fish passage within a assemblage of prairie fishes was examined in two tributaries of the lower Yellowstone River having a variety of culvert types. Passage restriction at culverts was determined u http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=594 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 fish, passage, culverts, prairie, eastern, Montana http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=595 The fluvial Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus is restricted to less than 5% of its native range in the contiguous United States and was listed as Category 3 under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) until a 2007 ruling removed its protection. Fluvial grayling were thought to be restricted to the Big Hole River, Montana, where abundances were declining. Although fluvial grayling of the lower Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were considered extirpated by 1935, anglers frequently reported catching grayling throughout the river since 1980. My goal was to determine if a viable population Steed, Amber Christine Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Fish and Wildlife Management graduate program at Montana State University The fluvial Arctic grayling Thymallus arcticus is restricted to less than 5% of its native range in the contiguous United States and was listed as Category 3 under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) until a 2007 ruling removed its protection. Fluvial grayling were thought to be restricted to the Big Hole River, Montana, where abundances were declining. Although fluvial grayling of the lower Gibbon River, Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were considered extirpated by 1935, anglers frequently reported catching grayling throughout the river since 1980. My goal was to determine if a viable population http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=595 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 fluvial, lacustrine, conservation, viable population http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=596 The United States Sugar Program has utilized tariffs, import quotas, domestic processor marketing allotments, and a non-recourse loan program to raise U.S. sugar prices. The intent of the program has been to increase the incomes of U.S. sugar beet and sugarcane producers and processors. This thesis analyzes world and domestic sugar market conditions surrounding major changes in the sugar program. A theoretical model is developed in which sugar beet processors are depicted as monopsonist purchasers of sugar beets as inputs into sugar production. This model suggests that incentives exist for sug Wiltgen, Tyler James Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Applied Economics graduate program at Montana State University The United States Sugar Program has utilized tariffs, import quotas, domestic processor marketing allotments, and a non-recourse loan program to raise U.S. sugar prices. The intent of the program has been to increase the incomes of U.S. sugar beet and sugarcane producers and processors. This thesis analyzes world and domestic sugar market conditions surrounding major changes in the sugar program. A theoretical model is developed in which sugar beet processors are depicted as monopsonist purchasers of sugar beets as inputs into sugar production. This model suggests that incentives exist for sug http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=596 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 sugar program, vertical integration, monopsony http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=601 High power solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks are based on the planar design concept to yield high specific power densities. The key engineering challenges to planar stack reliability and robust operation is attaining low resistance interconnection of individual cells in series and hermetic sealing of interconnects. While stack design and contact paste development is paramount to address this issue, the basic design of the fuel cell introduces limitations. State-of-the-art anode supported cells (ASC) yield high power densities due to low ASR thin electrolytes, however, the asymmetrical design Gentile, Paul Steven Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Mechanical Engineering graduate program at Montana State University High power solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks are based on the planar design concept to yield high specific power densities. The key engineering challenges to planar stack reliability and robust operation is attaining low resistance interconnection of individual cells in series and hermetic sealing of interconnects. While stack design and contact paste development is paramount to address this issue, the basic design of the fuel cell introduces limitations. State-of-the-art anode supported cells (ASC) yield high power densities due to low ASR thin electrolytes, however, the asymmetrical design http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=601 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 SOFC, electrolyte supported fuel cell, solid oxide fuel cell, YSZ , yttria stabilized zirconia, SOFC electrochemical testing, tape casting, dilatometer, thermal graviational analysis, LSM, lathanum strontium manganese http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=602 The content of this thesis confirms my belief that architecture is able to create remarkable effects upon human emotion. It is my opinion that human emotion becomes apparent when two opposing states of reality are intensified within time and space. Today in the Western Culture we live upon two opposing states of time. One is mechanized and ridged, and the other is sequential and durational. The first seeks to break things down into parts and understand them as they relate to a human scale. The other seeks to find the potential in what exist in the in-between and around. Together each of them f Alexander, Justin Matthew Electronic Thesis or Dissertation from the Architecture graduate program at Montana State University The content of this thesis confirms my belief that architecture is able to create remarkable effects upon human emotion. It is my opinion that human emotion becomes apparent when two opposing states of reality are intensified within time and space. Today in the Western Culture we live upon two opposing states of time. One is mechanized and ridged, and the other is sequential and durational. The first seeks to break things down into parts and understand them as they relate to a human scale. The other seeks to find the potential in what exist in the in-between and around. Together each of them f http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/view/item.php?id=602 Sat, 15 Dec 2007 00:00:00 MST 0:00 time, things, architecture