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Emergence and growth of seven grass species across a gradient of metals and arsenic in lime-amended contaminated soils: Author: Martin, Tara Noel; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Land Rehabilitation; Abstract: Montana's Upper Clark Fork River Basin contains hundreds of square kilometers of land impacted by mine wastes and/or smelter emissions from decades of copper mining and related activities. Contaminated soils in the Basin are often acidic and highly enriched with the trace elements cadmium, copper, arsenic, lead, zinc, and others. Natural plant colonization is often impaired, as evidenced by barren areas that are so phytotoxic that normal germination and establishment cannot occur. One reclamation strategy being used is in-place treatment with soil amendments including lime and other products. ...; Download File | View full details

An evidence based policy recommendation addressing body art among nursing personnel: Author: Dorwart, Shawna Drugge; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Nursing; Abstract: Body art in the form of tattoos and piercings is becoming more prevalent as a form of self-expression. Body art is found among members of all socio-economic groups and across a variety of professions. With this increased prevalence many organizations are developing policies to address body art among employees. The intent of this project is to look specifically at policy development in regard to body art among nursing personnel. A thorough review of literature was carried out, exploring body art from multiple perspectives. In addition to examining body art, careful consideration was made for th...; Download File | View full details

Connections: making sense of the world around us (the use of music in documentary films): Author: Glover, Kristin Lynn; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: Music is often a neglected and undervalued element in documentary films. This thesis looks at music cognition, film cognition, and learning theory to argue for the importance of music in documentary films. Adhering to the theory that the documentary film genre is an educational tool first and foremost, the use of music strengthens a film's potential to engage with and educate an audience. The first portion of this thesis examines brain function as it pertains to music and learning, as well as research in narrative film cognition, looking particularly at how documentary films provide a unique m...; Download File | View full details

Classical mechanics with dissipative constraints: Author: Harker, Shaun Russell; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Mathematics; Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to consider the mathematical treatment of mechanical systems in the presence of constraints which are energetically dissipative. Constraints may be energetically dissipative due to impacts and friction. In the frictionless setting, we generalize Hamilton's principle of stationary action, central to the Lagrangian formulation of classical mechanics, to reflect optimality conditions in constrained spaces. We show that this generalization leads to the standard measure-theoretic equations for shocks in the presence of unilateral constraints. Previously, these equations we...; Download File | View full details

Ichthyoplankton density and Shovelnose sturgeon spawning in relation to varying discharge treatments: Author: Goodman, Benjamin Joseph; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Fish and Wildlife Management; Abstract: Many lotic fish species use natural patterns of variation in discharge and water temperature as spawning cues and these natural patterns are often altered by river regulation. The effects of spring discharge and water temperature variation on the spawning of shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus and other fishes in the upper Missouri River have not been well documented. In 2006, 2007, and 2008, I had the unique opportunity to study the effects of experimental discharge levels on ichthyoplankton density in the lower Marias River, a regulated tributary to the upper Missouri River. The ...; Download File | View full details

Reflexive filmmaking for wildlife and nature films: Author: Hiemenz, Vanessa Serrao; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: Historically, wildlife and nature filmmakers have embraced the expository mode of filmmaking and a realistic style, attempting to influence their audience with compelling arguments. However, while their scripts may call for activism, their expository, realistic style, with hidden production methods, an authoritative tone, and pristine visuals, instead encourages voyeurism. In addition, standard theater and television distribution methods offer no outlet for action to viewers who do feel inspired. I offer a different model for influence in my wildlife series Nature Break: reflexive filmmaking. ...; Download File | View full details

Magnetic resonance microscopy studies of biofilms: diffusion, hydrodynamics and porous media: Author: Hornemann, Jennifer Ann; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Engineering; Abstract: Due to the complicated nature of studying living bacterial communities, Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (MRM) is a necessary tool providing unique data that is complementary to other techniques such as confocal microscopy and microelectrodes. MRM has the ability to probe an opaque system non-invasively and collect velocity measurements, imaging data, diffusion, and relaxation values and is an asset in the quest to learn how biofilms establish, grow, and die. The goal of these studies was to extend current biofilm research using MRM to enhance our understanding of transport phenomena over a hiera...; Download File | View full details

The split-screen aesthetic: connecting meaning between fragmented frames: Author: Ingrassia, Peter Matthew; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: The split-screen is a multi-frame technique used in film, television and video. Recent advances in digital technology make it easier to incorporate the fragmented frame into visual narrative strategies. I argue that properties inherent to the split-screen technique (including simultaneity, symmetry, visual irony, omniscient view and visual style) also emerge as attributes of a split-screen aesthetic. The split-screen aesthetic transforms a technical contrivance that has long provided an alternative to parallel editing, into a powerful narrative tool that facilitates the construction of visual ...; Download File | View full details

Spatiotemporal relationship between climate and Whitebark pine mortality in the greater Yellowstone ecosystem: Author: Jewett, Jeffrey Thomas; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) serves as a subalpine keystone species by regulating snowmelt runoff, reducing soil erosion, facilitating the growth of other plants, and providing food for wildlife, particularly grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). Mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) is an ideal bio-indicator of climate change, as its life cycle is entirely temperature dependent. Western North America is currently experiencing the largest outbreak of mountain pine beetle on record, and evidence suggests that a changing climate has accelerated the life-cycle of this bark beetle...; Download File | View full details

Contributions of pneomococcal virulence factors to secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection following influenza infection: Author: King, Quinton Oliver; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Veterinary Molecular Biology; Abstract: Influenza infection increases susceptibility to secondary infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae resulting in significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Whereas viral contributions to this synergism have been explored, little is known concerning contributions of the bacterium, specifically those provided through bacterial virulence factors. To assess the contributions of the known pneumococcal virulence factors hyaluronidase (Hyl), neuraminidase (NanA) and pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) to secondary S. pneumoniae infection following influenza infection, mutants lacking these prot...; Download File | View full details

Critical reflection and teacher capacity: the secondary science pre-service teacher population: Author: Krim, Jessica Sarah; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Curriculum & Instruction; Abstract: This qualitative study seeks to understand the development of secondary science pre-service teachers. A case study is developed about each of the five participants, in effort to answer the research questions, which are: How did critical reflection inform teacher capacity within the secondary science pre-service teacher population? What knowledge, skills, and dispositions facilitated secondary science pre-service teachers in developing a critically reflective practice? It is the author's expectation that by teaching these pre-service educators to develop their skills of critical reflection by u...; Download File | View full details

Sensitivity of 1-D hydraulic models of fish passage in culverts to descriptions of fish swimming performance: Author: Nixon, Kyle Marshall; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Civil Engineering; Abstract: One way culverts become barriers to the upstream movement of fish is by creating excessive velocities exceeding a fish's swimming ability. FishXing, a common tool for indirectly assessing fish passage, uses fish swimming ability information with one-dimensional culvert hydraulics to predict barrier status of culverts. However, since fish swimming ability data is scarce for many fish species, predictions of a culvert's barrier status can be inaccurate and overly conservative, possibly leading to misclassification or uneconomical design. Additional fish swimming ability research is necessary to ...; Download File | View full details

Gene regulation in the lac operon: Author: Patterson, Kathryn Grace; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Mathematics; Abstract: The lac operon, a jointly controlled series of genes in the bacteria E. coli, has been studied extensively since the 1940's. The lac operon genes are transcribed and then translated into proteins necessary for transport and digestion of lactose. The operon is activated in the presence of lactose after glucose, the preferred carbon source, has been expended. In this thesis, we introduce a biophysical model using the Shea-Ackers framework for modeling promoter dynamics. The model spans two scales: the inputs are biophysical parameters of molecular interactions and the result is a level of gene e...; Download File | View full details

Effects of ewe late gestational supplementation of rumen undegradable protein, vitamin E, zinc, and chlortetracycline on ewe productivity and postweaning management of lambs on feedlot performance and tissue deposition: Author: Redden, Roy Reid; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Lamb survival and productivity from birth to weaning and lamb postweaning management harvest are areas that the US sheep industry needs to become more efficient at to remain profitable. Western white-faced ewes were supplemented HIGH (12.5% rumen by-pass protein, 880 IU/kg of supplemental Vitamin E, 176 ppm chelated Zn, and 72.7 mg/kg chlortetracycline) or LOW (7.56% rumen by-pass protein, with no supplemental Vitamin E, chelated Zn, or chlortetracycline) supplements at 0.227 kg•ewe -1•d -1 during late gestation. Ewes of different age and body condition scores were i...; Download File | View full details

Characterization and isolation of Archael thermophilic hosts and viruses from Yellowstone National Park: Author: Spuhler, Joshua Lupine; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Microbiology; Abstract: My research is focused on the identification and characterization of new archaeal viruses that inhabit the thermal features of Yellowstone National Park (YNP). I have undertaken the systematic survey of more than 90 different thermal features found in Yellowstone through a variety of means including culturing of hosts, MDA amplification, qPCR for known archaeal viruses, 16S rRNA gene analysis of potential resident archaeal hosts, tangential flow and end point filtration approaches to sample new viruses, and general water geochemical analysis. From this work a new host has been isolated from YN...; Download File | View full details

Minimum-data analysis of ecosystem service supply with risk averse decision makers: Author: Smart, Francis Clayton; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Applied Economics; Abstract: There is a need for models that produce results that are both timely and sufficiently accurate to be useful to policy makers. The minimum-data approach of Antle and Valdivia (2006) responds to this need by supplying a spatially explicit first order approximation that models ecosystem supply by producers. However, producers in developing nations often are observed to deviate from simple expected profit maximization. Risk is one possible explanation for this divergence. This study builds upon the minimum-data approach by allowing for risk averse producer preferences. The study presents a framewo...; Download File | View full details

Importance of financial literacy and financial literacy content in curriculum: Author: Tschache, Candice Arrington; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Education; Abstract: Teachers, administrators, parents, business owners, and community members need to know the importance and value of a Personal Finance class. In this study, a two page survey was given to teachers, administrators, parents, business owners, and community members to determine the importance they placed on financial literacy curriculum and what content they think should be included in a financial literacy curriculum at Bozeman High School. The results of this survey showed that most participants of the survey thought financial literacy was important and that financial literacy curriculum was also ...; Download File | View full details

Change in practice used to quantify breast milk intake of pre-term infants in a neonatal intensive care unit: test-weighing to 'Salt Lake Feed Plan': Author: Treloar, Allison Kirsch; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Nursing; Abstract: A local community hospital in Montana expressed a desire to establish a written clinical guideline for transitioning preterm infants from enteral gavage feedings to oral feedings. This desire was prompted by a change in the method of quantifying breast milk intake of preterm infants when transitioning them from enteral gavage feedings to at-breast feedings in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The hospital changed from the practice of test-weighing as a clinical indicator to quantify breast milk intake to the "Salt Lake City Feed Plan". Procedures: Retrospective data from four co...; Download File | View full details

Establishment and seed production of native forbs used in restoration: Author: Wiese, Jessica Linsay; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: The importance of incorporating native wildflowers into seed mixtures for disturbed land revegetation projects is widely known and accepted. However, further assessment of weed management approaches is a necessary step to successfully establish and produce native wildflower seed. We examined the impact of pre and post-emergence herbicides alone and in combination with hand weeding on 5 wildflower species [slender white prairie clover (Dalea candida(Michx). ex Willd), blanketflower (Gaillardia aristata Pursh), fuzzy tongue penstemon (Penstemon eriantherus Pursh var. eriantherus), silverleaf pha...; Download File | View full details

Multicellular mathematical models of somitogenesis: Author: Campanelli, Mark Benjamin; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Mathematics; Abstract: Somitogenesis is an important pattern formation process in the developmental biology of vertebrates. The phenomenon has received wide attention from experimental, theoretical, and computational biologists. Numerous mathematical models of the process have been proposed, with the clock and wavefront mechanism rising to prominence over the last ten years. This work presents two multicellular mathematical models of somitogenesis. The first is a phenomenological phase oscillator model that reproduces both the clock and wavefront aspects of somitogenesis, but lacks a biological basis. The second is ...; Download File | View full details

Re-constructing dialogue: literary sensibility and non-violent subjectivity: Author: Gunderson, Kory Marika; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: English; Abstract: With this project, I seek to advocate the relevance of literary scholarship to the problem of the use of sanctioned violence to solve conflicts. I propose that, unlike the empirical sensibility, what I will call the literary sensibility is, at heart, a non-violent means for creating and recreating understanding. When the literary sensibility is used to negotiate the unknown into the known, each subjective participant in the encounter is able to grant and maintain his or her own integrity as well as the integrity of all other subjective participants as subjects. I define my understanding of the...; Download File | View full details

Never wash away: a case study of video-centered outreach in the Republic of Congo: Author: Matheson, Kelly Ann; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: Since its inception, documentary film has been thought to be an effective way to galvanize social change. With the explosion of video for change organizations and projects both filmmakers and funders have a growing need to make a solid connection between the power of film and its concrete impact. This thesis will set forth the key principles for successful advocacy filmmaking and explore how the International Conservation and Education Fund's (INCEF's) Great Ape Public Awareness Project incorporated these principles into its approach to advocacy filmmaking. This exploration will be accomplishe...; Download File | View full details

Determination of critical micelle concentration of an amphiphilic siderophore: Author: Mousseau, Kenneth Scott; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Chemical Engineering; Abstract: The sodachelins are a group of six amphiphilic siderophores produced by a halophilic bacterium. Amphiphilic siderophores, such as the sodachelins, are important in the solubilization and sequestration of iron related to microbial metabolism and are also unique in their ability to form micelle and vesicular structures. This professional paper describes siderophore importance in iron bioavailability, siderophore chemistry and biological function and a thermodynamic analysis of forces that drive micellization and vesicle formation. A description of experiments conducted to isolate, separate and p...; Download File | View full details

Changes in temporal leptin concentrations and other metabolic factors in primiparous, postpartum, anestrous, suckled, beef cows exposed to bulls: Author: Olsen, Jesse Riley; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Exposing cows to bulls or excretory products of bulls stimulates resumption of ovarian cycling activity in postpartum, suckled, anestrous cows. This biostimulatory effect may be mediated by pheromones produced by bulls that stimulate physiological changes in metabolic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis of cows. In Experiment 1, the hypotheses tested were that concentrations of glucose, NEFA, thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and T3:T4 ratios do not differ between cows exposed to bulls or steers. The biostimulatory effect of bulls was associated with lower mean co...; Download File | View full details

Smart composites: evaluation of embedded sensors in composite materials: Author: Palmer, Nathan Reed; Date: 2009-08-15; Program: Mechanical Engineering; Abstract: As an emerging form of renewable energy, horizontal wind turbines have experienced advancements in improving efficiency and reliability. These advances have pushed the limits of current technology used in wind turbines. Smart blades have been proposed as a method of addressing these limitations. Sensor integration within blade construction is the first step in development of smart blades. Thus, several low cost sensors were chosen, 1 axis strain gages, polyvinylidene fluoride films (PVDF), and single mode fiber optics either coated in acrylate or polyimide. To ensure successful bonding between...; Download File | View full details

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