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Effects of coalbed natural gas development on fish assemblages in tributary streams in the Powder River Basin, Montana and Wyoming: Author: Davis, Windy Niccole; Date: 2008-05-15; Program: Fish and Wildlife Management; Abstract: The Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana is undergoing the world's largest development of coalbed natural gas (CBNG) extraction. Potential exists for substantial effects on aquatic ecosystems because CBNG development involves production and disposal of large quantities of CBNG product water that differs from surface waters and alters natural flow regimes. In 2005 and 2006, I compared fish assemblages in streams with (treatment) and without (control) CBNG development, determined fish presence, growth, and survival in streams composed entirely of product water, and compared fish assemblage...; Download File | View full details

An Analysis of Dendritic Cooperativity in Protein Hydrolysis: Author: O'Dell, Jacob Webb; Date: 2005-08-15; Program: Chemistry; Abstract: Catalysts are compounds that increase the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy while not being permanently altered. Adding a catalyst to a reaction, while increasing the rate, complicates purification because the catalyst must be separated from the product(s) of the reaction. If the catalyst is a drastically different size than the product then seperation can be achieved as easily as filtering over a membrane. Dendrimers are becoming popular scaffolding for tethering catalysts. Attaching a catalyst to a dendrimer makes a bigger catalytic unit that is easily separated f...; Download File | View full details

Water Use Potential and Salt Tolerance of Riparian Species in Saline-Sodic Environments: Author: Sessoms, Holly Nicol; Date: 2004-08-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: Salinization of soil and water resources exists on a global scale, largely due to irrigated agriculture in semi-arid climates. Coal bed methane (CBM) development, resulting in the co-production of saline-sodic discharge water, is a potential new source of salinzation in the Powder River Basin of Montana and Wyoming. Constructed wetlands may serve to reduce CBM product water volumes while applying saline-sodic product water to a beneficial use. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of constructed wetlands as a new management tool for CBM product water management. To accomplish...; Download File | View full details

Training responses of two-year-old Quarter horses fed rapidly fermentable carbohydrates: Author: Black, Wade Raymond; Date: 2009-05-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Two replicated experiments (Exp. 1: May 14 to June 8; Exp.2: June 25 to July 20) evaluated effects of feeding grain to 2-yr-old Quarter horses on behavior and physiological parameters during early stages of training. In each experiment, 6 different horses were allotted by sex and weight to 2 diets; hay only or hay plus 2.3 kg/d grain. Horses were group-housed with ad libitum access to grass/alfalfa hay and water, and were individually fed 1.15 kg grain or 40 g salt (placebo) at 0800 and 1600 for 7 d prior to and during training. The trainer was blind to diet assignments. Horses were trained 5 ...; Download File | View full details

Assessing Constructed Wetlands for Beneficial Use of Saline-Sodic Water: Author: Kirkpatrick, Amber Denise; Date: 2005-05-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: Changes in agricultural practices, and irrigation strategies combined with natural processes, have led to increased salinization of soil and water resources worldwide. Coal bed methane (CBM) development in the Powder River Basin of Montana and Wyoming results in the co-production of large volumes of sodic and moderately saline discharge water, and represents a potential source of salinization of soil and water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of constructed wetlands as a tool for CBM product water management. This was accomplished by assessing seasonal water...; Download File | View full details

Increasing Wheat Hardness Locus Functionality by Increasing Puroindoline Copy Number and Introduction of Novel Alleles: Author: Campbell, Jackie Bridget; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Plant Sciences; Abstract: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain hardness affects many end product quality traits and is controlled primarily by the Hardness (Ha) locus that contains the Puroindoline a and b genes. All soft hexaploid wheats carry the same wild-type alleles Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a and hard wheats carry a mutation in Pina or Pinb. In order to explore variation in the Puroindolines two approaches were pursued to increase Ha locus functionality. First Ha locus functionality was modified through a non-transgenic increase in Pin dosage. Here we tested the heritability and end product quality effects of increased P...; Download File | View full details

Characterization of the Arabidopsis Compact Inflorescence 3 (cif3) Mutant and Identification of the cif3 Gene Product as a Chloroplast Localized Putative ATPase: Author: Cameron, Jeffrey Carlyle; Date: 2005-05-15; Program: Plant Sciences; Abstract: A new mutant of Arabidopsis, that exhibits very short inflorescence internodes in contrast to the wild-type raceme structure, was isolated from an Agrobacterium tumifaciens T-DNA insertion screen. This plant closely resembles the previously described compact inflorescence (cif1) mutant (Goosey and Sharrock, 2001). The cif1 trait was shown to require altered alleles of two genes; a recessive mutation at the cif1 gene and a naturally occurring unlinked dominant allele, CIF2. Although the phenotypes of cif1 and the new mutant are similar, complementation tests show that they are different genes, ...; Download File | View full details

Project Task: Member Assignment Using Design Structure Matrix and Genetic Algorithm in Concurrent Engineering Project Management: Author: Mazur, Lukasz Maciej; Date: 2005-05-15; Program: Industrial and Management Engineering; Abstract: In concurrent engineering, project tasks generally require the establishment of multifunctional teams to simultaneously consider various activities throughout the entire product life cycle. Team members from different functional departments of the company interact in every phase of development activities to design products and processes concurrently. This concurrent strategy increases the complexity of product development and design processes and makes teams difficult to organize. Without effective task coordination and team organization, the lack of communication and cooperation among team me...; Download File | View full details

Structure Based Mechanistic Studies on 2-Ketopropyl Coenzyme M Oxidoreductase / Carboxylase from Xanthobacter autotrophicus and [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum: Author: Pandey, Arti Sharma; Date: 2007-08-15; Program: Biochemistry; Abstract: X-ray crystallography was employed to probe the mechanism of the enzyme 2- ketopropyl coenzymeM oxidoreductase / carboxylase (2-KPCC). We were able to determine the enzyme structure in various catalytically relevant states, providing insights into substrate binding, intermediate stabilization, product formation and release. Structures of 2-KPCC were obtained with the substrate 2-ketopropyl coenzyme M (KCoM), product acetoacetate, 6-oxoheptanoic acid (OHA), 2-oxopropyl phosphonate (OPP), NADP+ and coenzymeM (CoM), the oxidized and reduced states. The binding sites for these ligands in relation ...; Download File | View full details

An Alternating-Direction Sinc-Galerkin method for elliptic problems on finite and infinite domains: Author: Alonso, Nicomedes III; Date: 2009-05-15; Program: Mathematics; Abstract: Alternating-Direction Implicit (ADI) schemes are a class of very efficient algorithms for the numerical solution of differential equations. Sinc-Galerkin schemes employ a sinc basis to produce exponentially accurate approximate solutions to differential equations even in the presence of singularities. In this dissertation we begin with a broad overview of sinc methods for problems posed on both finite and infinite, one- and two-dimensional domains. We then present a variety of finite difference methods that lead to the introduction of a new Alternating-Direction Sinc-Galerkin scheme based on t...; Download File | View full details

Oxidation of Human Nitrosylhemoglobin Monitored by UV-Vis and EPR Spectroscopies: Detection of Products and Intermediates: Author: Williams, Elizabeth Mary; Date: 2005-08-15; Program: Biochemistry; Abstract: Once viewed only as a toxic free radical, nitric oxide (NO) has been established as an essential and ubiquitous signaling and regulatory molecule in biological systems. Notably, NO was identified as the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in the blood. NO is capable of complex redox chemistry and interaction with a host of protein families. Among these proteins is hemoglobin (Hb) which can interact with NO at the level of the heme and can bind NO at Cys93 on its β subunit to form S-nitrosylated Hb (SNO-Hb). NO bound as SNO-Hb is chemically labile and thus preserves bioavaila...; Download File | View full details

Sound Design for Non-fiction Film and Video: A Discussion of Methodology, Perception, and Ethics: Author: Burge, Eric William; Date: 2007-12-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: Traditional documentary films, particularly science and natural history works, presume to authentically or legitimately convey accurate representations of historical events that actually occurred at a prior time. Factual and convincing representations are not necessarily congruent, and a film's merit of authenticity is often based on the perceived validity of the visual content represented. While visual imagery dominates a presentation's general delivery, a film's sound design is a fundamental structural element that is often overlooked or less scrutinized with regard to factual or accurate re...; Download File | View full details

The morphology of space: a wind technology center for Montana: Author: Ostlind, Jacob Kenneth; Date: 2008-12-15; Program: Architecture; Abstract: There is often a logical relationship between what something does and how it is shaped. In biology this is known as morphology-the study of structure or form. The morphology of an organism is a product of environmental conditions and its interaction with that environment. The morphology of space, then, is the study of the relationship between the measurable forces acting on a space and its shape. It is an exploration of the poetic and pragmatic link between environment and design-a search for how a building can be cast by its shadow. The research, observations and images contained in these pag...; Download File | View full details

Chemical Interaction of Nitric Oxide and Human Hemoglobin: Author: Luchsinger, Benjamin Peter; Date: 2004-05-15; Program: Chemistry; Abstract: In the past decade an entirely new areas of biomedical science have emerged with the recognition of the critical roles played by nitric oxide (NO) in biology. The discoveries of the role of NO in the cardiovascular systems, where it participates in regulating the tone of blood vessels and the flow of blood, raised an intriguing biochemical problem about the chemical interaction of NO and hemoglobin in blood. Historically, investigation of the interaction of NO and hemoglobin have suggested the formation of heme-Fe(II)NO hemoglobin and nitrate. Neither of these products is considered to exhibit...; Download File | View full details

The Role of Upper Body Power in Classical Cross-Country Skiing Performance: Author: Alsobrook, Nathan Gabriel; Date: 2005-08-15; Program: Health and Human Development; Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between upper body power (UBP) and classical cross-country ski race performance. A group of experienced skiers (7 men, 3 women) completed 3 laboratory tests of UBP on a custom-built double poling ergometer: a 10-second test, a 60-second test, and an incremental test to exhaustion lasting 240-630 seconds. All subjects also competed in the West Yellowstone NorAm race on November 26, 2004. Unfortunately, the small subject number precluded any significant analysis of these data. A second group of skiers (10 men, 5 women) completed the same...; Download File | View full details

Flexibility as a Determinant of Rollerskiing Economy in Cross-Country Skiers: Author: Camenisch, Karin; Date: 2007-08-15; Program: Health and Human Development; Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlational relationship between selected measures of flexibility and roller-ski economy (E). Twelve male competitive cross-country skiers (Mean±SD: 21±3 yrs, 183.2±6.5 cm, 76.7±6.8 kg and 60.4±3.4 ml/kg/min VO₂max) completed a VO₂max test on a motorized treadmill to volitional exhaustion utilizing the Australian XC Ski-Striding protocol. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen consumption (VO₂) were recorded with a metabolic cart using standard indirect calorimetry p...; Download File | View full details

In Vitro Comparison of Satellite Cells Isolated from Normal and Callipyge Sheep Exposed to Growth Promoting Compounds: Author: Neary, Kathleen Ida; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Sheep producers are continually faced with the need to increase pounds of retail product sold. One way to increase total retail pounds of lamb available for consumption without increasing sheep numbers or producer costs is through genetic selection for increased size and growth. Another option would be to select sheep with the callipyge mutation or understand what the mutation changes to increase growth. Callipyge is a selective hypertrophic condition exhibited primarily in the hind limbs of affected lambs. The cause of the increased growth at a molecular level has not been thoroughly explored...; Download File | View full details

Structural Studies of Enzymes Involved in Propylene and Acetone Metabolism in Xanthobacter autotrophicus: Author: Krishnakumar, Arathi Mandyam; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Biochemistry; Abstract: X-ray crystallography has been an indispensable tool in understanding the mechanism of the enzymes of the epoxide carboxylation pathway in Xanthobacter autotrophicus. The main focus of this dissertation involves providing the structural basis for the stereoslectivity of the two stereospecific dehydrogenases of the pathway namely R- and S-HPCDH. The crystal structure of R- HPCDH cocrystallized with the substrate has been determined. The key elements of interactions between the enzyme and substrate are electrostatic interactions between the sulfonate oxygen atoms and two arginine residues (Arg15...; Download File | View full details

Consumer Awareness and Interest in Omega-3 Fats and Applications for Marketing Culinary Camelina Oil: Author: Weems, Tyson Victor; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Health and Human Development; Abstract: Camelina sativa is a oilseed-bearing plant that grows in Montana and from which can be extracted oil containing 30-42% alpha-linolenic acid, an essential "omega-3" fatty acid. While researchers have associated certain health benefits with replacing other dietary fatty acids with alpha-linolenic acid and other omega-3 fatty acids, these are scarce in most Americans' diets. Current consumption levels are likely related to concurrent knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and other behaviors about omega-3s and fat in general. The purpose of this study was to interview and survey likely targeted...; Download File | View full details

The Role of Puroidoline A and B upon Grain Endosperm Texture, End-Use Quality Traits and Physicochemical Association of Starch in Wheat: Author: Wanjugi, Humphrey Wainaina; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Plant Sciences; Abstract: Endosperm texture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is controlled by the Pina and Pinb genes that together comprise the Hardness (Ha) locus, and is an important criterion affecting end-product quality. The Ha encodes friabilin, a 15 kD protein primarily composed of Puroindoline A (PINA) and Puroindoline B (PINB). Both PINA and PINB interact with starch leading to a soft endosperm, but the physicochemical mechanism controlling endosperm texture is not clearly understood. Here, I isolated the role of PINA and PINB individually and in combination upon grain hardness, milling and bread baking traits...; Download File | View full details

Theoretical Investigation of Biofilm Detachment and Protection from Killing using a Bacterium Level Automata Model: Author: Hunt, Stephen Michael; Date: 2004-08-15; Program: Engineering; Abstract: This dissertation presents a three-dimensional dynamic, stochastic computer model of biofilm development, BacLAB, created to theoretically explore conjectures associated with biofilms. BacLAB simulates the life cycle of a biofilm by mimicking the physical and biological behavior of a system with a simple set of experimentally determined "rules" applied to the smallest possible biofilm unit (the cell). These rules, however, lead to patterns on a larger scale. Much as bacterial cells organize themselves in a biofilm as a response to individual spatial conditions, the resulting model st...; Download File | View full details

Molecular Beam Studies of Hyperthermal Atomic Oxygen and Argon Interactions with Polymer Surfaces and Gas-Phase Molecules: Author: Brunsvold, Amy Leigh; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Chemistry; Abstract: O atoms and N2 molecules in the outer atmosphere of the Earth collide with spacecraft surfaces and various gases that are released from space vehicles. The high relative velocity of the collisions promotes high reaction probability and large energy transfers, leading to materials degradation and chemiluminescent reactions, which may interfere with the mission of the vehicle. The work presented in this thesis uses sophisticated molecular beam and surface science techniques to study materials degradation and individual reactive and inelastic collisions in an effort to understand the complex chem...; Download File | View full details

Soil Water Flow and Irrigated Soil Water Balance in Response to Powder River Basin Coalbed Methane Product Water: Author: Buchanan, Margaret MacNeill; Date: 2005-05-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: A repacked soil columns experiment and a series of computer soil water balance simulations were conducted to examine potential impacts of coalbed methane (CBM) water from Montana's Powder River Basin (PRB) on soil water flow and water balance in PRB soils. CBM water is often high in sodium, which may separate soil clay particles, particularly after soil exposure to low-salinity rainfall or snowmelt, and when soils contain expansible smectite clay minerals. Aggregates in soils exposed to sodic water may swell and slake, and clays and other fine particles may disperse, clogging soil pores and sl...; Download File | View full details

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