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Influence of colostrum from safflower supplemented ewes on lamb cold tolerance and lamb growth: Author: Robinson, Brenda Lee; Date: 2008-12-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Five hundred, ninety-seven and 643 white face range ewes were used in a 2 year study, respectively, in a 3-way factorial arrangement to determine effect of supplemental linoleic oil on lamb serum metabolites, thermogenesis and lamb growth. During the last 45 ± 4 days of gestation ewes were group fed a daily supplement of either 0.23 kg•ewe-1•d-1 whole safflower seed (SS) or 0.34 kg•ewe-1•d-1 whole barley (C). Colostrum was collected from each supplement treatment and pooled according to treatment. At parturition, twin born lambs...; Download File | View full details

Effect of Supplemental Safflower Seed and Vitamin E to Late Gestating Ewes on Lamb Growth and Thermogenesis: Author: Dafoe, Julia Mae; Date: 2006-12-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Fifty-one twin bearing Targhee ewes (Trial 1) and 1182 single and twin bearing white face range ewes (Trial 2) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of supplemental energy source and level of vitamin E on lamb serum metabolites and thermogenesis (Trial 1), and lamb growth (Trial 2). During the last 30 d of gestation, ewes were individually (Trial 1) or group (Trial 2) fed a daily supplement. Supplements were: 226 g safflower seeds (SS) and either 350 (VE) or 0 (VC) IU vitamin E or 340 g of a grain-based supplement (GC) and either VE or VC. One h postp...; Download File | View full details

Thermal Balance Model for Cattle Grazing Winter Range: Author: Keren, Ilai Naftaly; Date: 2005-08-15; Program: Animal and Range Sciences; Abstract: Beef cattle grazing semi-arid foothill range of the Northern Rockies during winter may be exposed to cold temperatures and high winds while grazing pastures with low nutritional value. Cattle can physiologically and behaviorally respond to the changing environment to lower metabolic requirements and reduce the effects of cold exposure. Requirements of grazing cattle may be overpredicted with models developed in controlled settings that do not account for energy conserving behaviors. We refined a simple thermal balance equation to model heat exchange of free-ranging cattle. We accounted for the...; Download File | View full details

Spatial Patterns of DNA Replication, Protein Synthesis, and Oxygen Concentration within Bacterial Biofilms Reveal active and Inactive regions: Author: Rani, Suriani Abdul; Date: 2006-08-15; Program: Chemical Engineering; Abstract: Biofilms harbor both active and inactive cells and it is a challenge to characterize the spatial and population heterogeneity of specific activities within a biofilm. Spatial patterns of DNA replication and protein synthetic activity were imaged by techniques developed using staphylococcal systems. The first technique measures DNA synthetic activity by pulse-labeling with the thymidine analog 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) followed by immunofluorescent detection of brominated DNA. The second technique makes use of an inducible green fluorescent protein construct that can be used to detect the c...; Download File | View full details

Selecting plant species to optimize wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands: Author: Taylor, Carrie Renee; Date: 2009-05-15; Program: Land Rehabilitation; Abstract: Constructed wetlands are used around the world for treating domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastewater, stormwater runoff, and acid mine drainage. Plants may affect efficacy of wastewater treatment through their influence on microbial activity by creating attachment sites and releasing carbon exudates and oxygen. My research investigated seasonal plant effects on wastewater treatment by monitoring water chemistry in model subsurface wetlands planted with monocultures of 19 plant species and unplanted controls. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, an indicator of water quality, declined...; Download File | View full details

The Solar Extreme Ultra-Violet Corona: Resolved Loops and the Unresolved Active Region Corona: Author: Cirtain, Jonathan Wesley; Date: 2005-05-15; Program: Physics; Abstract: In this work, physical characteristics of the solar corona as observed in the Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) regime are investigated. The focus will be the regions of intense EUV radiation generally found near the locations of sunspots. These regions are commonly called active regions. Multiple space-based observing platforms have been deployed in the last decade; it is possible to use several of these observatories in combination to develop a more complete picture of the solar corona. Joint Observing Program 146 was created to collect spectroscopic intensities using the Coronal Diagnostic Spectro...; Download File | View full details

Identifying regions of Conserved Synteny Between Pea (Pisum spp.), Lentil (Lens spp.), and Bean (Phaseolus spp.): Author: Moffet, Matthew Durwin; Date: 2006-12-15; Program: Plant Sciences; Abstract: The identification of conserved synteny in legumes can facilitate many different types of gene discovery. Techniques like marker assisted selection and the candidate gene approach can benefit greatly by identifying conserved synteny and genes located within those regions. Both Pisum and Phaseolus have detailed linkage maps, but a limited number of markers have been located in both species. In the present study I mapped 21 genes in Phaseolus vulgaris, 16 of which had already been located on the Lens and Pisum sativum linkage maps, the markers were used to look for conserved synteny between Pisu...; Download File | View full details

Utilidor: Author: Hauck, Brian Aaron; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Fine Arts; Abstract: A utilidor is a system of aboveground pipes or tubes used to carry electricity and water in regions with yearly permafrost. These networks are made up of a limited number of recurring elements that rely on one another to complete the needed task. My sculptures are complex entanglements that are constructed in a similar fashion and direct the eye as the utilidor directs electricity or water....; Download File | View full details

The Topology of Magnetic Reconnection in Solar Flares: Author: Des Jardins, Angela Colman; Date: 2007-08-15; Program: Physics; Abstract: In order to better understand the location and evolution of magnetic reconnection, which is thought to be the energy release mechanism in solar flares, I combine the analysis of hard X-ray (HXR) sources observed by RHESSI with a three-dimensional, quantitative magnetic charge topology (MCT) model. I first examine the evolution of reconnection by analyzing the relationship between observed HXR footpoint motions and a topological feature called spine lines. With a high degree of confidence, I find that the HXR footpoints sources moved along the spine lines. The standard two dimensional flare mod...; Download File | View full details

The interaction between tectonics, topography, and climate in the San Juan Mountains, Southwestern Colorado: Author: McKeon, Ryan Edward; Date: 2008-12-15; Program: Earth Sciences; Abstract: Alpine glaciers have been referred to as "buzzsaws" on the grounds that they control the topographic development of actively deforming mountain ranges; however, the nature of the linkage between glacial erosion and topography in different tectonic and climatic settings remains unclear. In the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, an intracontinental mountain range with dramatically lower annual precipitation than previously studied ranges, distinct spatial variations in morphology resulting from Quaternary glaciation coincide with different exhumation histories that were deriv...; Download File | View full details

Survival Rate Estimates of Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) Using Carcass Recovery Data: Author: Schwarz, Lisa Kimberley; Date: 2007-12-15; Program: Biological Sciences; Abstract: The Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) is classified as an endangered species and is also protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act. The manatees' coastal distribution coincides with areas of high human density, making manatees particularly vulnerable to human impacts. Important management decisions on both the state and federal level rely heavily on extinction models that require estimates of survival and reproductive rates. Current mark-recapture methods are unable to estimate survival rates for younger age classes because many young manatees lack the unique scarring us...; Download File | View full details

Geochemical evidence for microbially mediated subglacial mineral weathering: Author: Montross, Scott Norman; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Earth Sciences; Abstract: Interactions between dilute meltwater and fine-grained, freshly comminuted debris at the bed of temperate glaciers liberate significant solute. The proportions of solute produced in the subglacial environment via biotic and abiotic processes remains unknown, however, this work suggests the biotic contribution is substantial. Laboratory analyses of microbiological and geochemical properties of sediment and meltwater from the Haut Glacier d'Arolla (HGA) indicates that a metabolically active microbial community exists in water-saturated sediments at the ice-bedrock interface. Basal sediment slur...; Download File | View full details

Impact of a Model Soil on the Biotransformation of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and its Amine Metabolites: Author: Walker, Diane Kathryn; Date: 2004-05-15; Program: Environmental Engineering; Abstract: The end of the cold War resulted in the closure of many sites where explosives were manufactured, processed, and stored, and packaging practices left behind highly contaminated surface waters, groundwater and soils. Chief among the explosives contaminating these sites is the xenobiotic, 2,4, 6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) whose electron-withdrawing nitro-groups make this aromatic compound highly resistant to biodegradation. An alternative option to mineralization as a bioremediation strategy, however, is immobilization. TNT can be biotransformed under reducing conditions to 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TA...; Download File | View full details

Simulation and Testing of Resin Infusion Manufacturing Processes for Large Composite Structures: Author: Mastbergen, Daniel Blair; Date: 2004-08-15; Program: Mechanical Engineering; Abstract: The use of composite materials in large primary structures such as wind turbine blades and boat hulls has dramatically increased in recent years. As these structures get larger, new manufacturing processes are required to make them possible. Larger parts also require more expensive tooling, and a higher cost for scrapped parts. This may prohibit the trial and error approach that has been used for many years. The need for accurate process modeling in the design of tooling is becoming essential. Unfortunately, as the processes become more complex so do the models. Although there are several pote...; Download File | View full details

Analytical and Experimental Study of Radiation-Recrystallized Near-Surface Facets in Snow: Author: Morstad, Blake Walden; Date: 2004-08-15; Program: Mechanical Engineering; Abstract: A study on the formation of radiation recrystallized near-surface facets in snow was performed experimentally in an environmental chamber. This recrystallization occurs when surface snow metamorphoses into faceted crystals that result from absorbed solar radiation coupled with cooling effects from longwave and turbulent fluxes. The environmental chamber utilized a metal-halide lamp to mimic solar radiation, which penetrates the snow adding thermal energy at depth. In addition, the ceiling was cooled to simulate a cold sky, thus inducing a net longwave radiation loss at the snow surface. Turbul...; Download File | View full details

Microbial interactions with arsenite, hydrogen and sulfide in an acid-sulfate-chloride geothermal spring: Author: D'Imperio, Seth; Date: 2008-05-15; Program: Ecology and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: The work presented in this thesis investigated the importance of hydrogen, sulfide and arsenite in microbial community structure and function within a model Acid-Sulfate-Chloride (ASC) spring in Yellowstone National Park. Previous studies in this spring found that microbial arsenite [As(III)] oxidation is absent in regions of the spring outflow channel where H2S exceeds ~5 μM. Ex situ assays with microbial mat samples demonstrated immediate As(III) oxidation activity when H2S was absent or in low concentrations, suggesting the presence of functional As(III) oxidase enzymes in reg...; Download File | View full details

Spatial Incubation of Intuitive Mitigation: Author: Robertson, Christopher Cole; Date: 2007-12-15; Program: Architecture; Abstract: The sound of fingers tapping against stone resonates through the quiet coffee shop as local help bangs, stirs, and presents a double tall frothed mocha. The customer grabs the large cup of caffeine as though shot out of a cannon screaming toward the door barely hesitating at the brass handle, and in an instant is in a conversation with an executive across the country. Culture today seems to act in a similar fashion to the "Flash" coffee consumer. We should wonder what might have happened had the consumer stopped to enjoy the moment, maybe participated in a balancing game while walk...; Download File | View full details

Studies of gene expression control in the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii: Author: Behnke, Michael Sean; Date: 2008-08-15; Program: Veterinary Molecular Biology; Abstract: Our understanding of global gene expression patterns and control of both developmental and strain specific aspects of Toxoplasma gondii has broadened in the past few years. A global approach was initially undertaken to construct the "transcriptome" for the Toxoplasma intermediate life cycle using serial-analysis-of-gene expression (SAGE). From this analysis, we confirmed the increased expression of known as well as novel mRNAs associated with the tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite transition. Accumulation of bradyzoite specific mRNAs in the bradyzoite SAGE libraries raises the possibility th...; Download File | View full details

Efficient Finite Element Modeling Across Optical Length Scales: Author: Harwood, Jason Alan; Date: 2007-08-15; Program: Mechanical Engineering; Abstract: Optical engineers frequently rely on finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the thermal and mechanical performance of an optic before it is produced. These analyses are usually performed by modeling a simplified version of the real structure to obtain the global deformations of the surface of the mirror. This method eliminates the ability to represent localized deformations and strain gradients, resulting from thermal and mechanical loading, which may exceed the mechanical limit of the materials or material interfaces in coated mirrors causing delamination or cracking. The goal of this study...; Download File | View full details

A Critique of the Portrayal of Grizzly Bears in Contemporary Natural History Films: Author: Shier, John Walter; Date: 2005-12-15; Program: Science and Natural History Filmmaking; Abstract: Natural History films and television programs are based on the perception that the grizzly bear is an animal that only lives, that only belongs in wilderness. These films and programs spread and strengthen this perception among audiences, compelling them to relegate grizzlies to the few parcels of land that still meet our society's definition of wilderness. The perception ensures that the grizzly's long-term survival in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem is threatened; the regions wilderness areas simply don't provide enough habitat for the bears and many people are unwilling to tolerate the pr...; Download File | View full details

Microbial Ecology of an Antarctic Subglacial Environment: Author: Mikucki, Jill Ann; Date: 2005-12-15; Program: Land Resources and Environmental Sciences; Abstract: The research presented in this dissertation focused on the microbial ecology of the subglacial discharge from the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. The major objectives of my research were to 1) define the biogeochemistry of the subglacial outflow 2) describe the microbial diversity of the subglacial outflow and 3) examine the impact of subglacial outflow on the geochemistry and biology of the west lobe of Lake Bonney, a lake that abuts the glacier. The subglacial outflow from the Taylor Glacier is known as Blood Falls owing to a visible accumulation of iron-oxides at the ...; Download File | View full details

Creating the Old and New Wests: Landscape and Identity in Anaconda and Hamilton, Montana: Author: Bryson, Jeremy Glen; Date: 2006-05-15; Program: Earth Sciences; Abstract: This research employs case studies of Anaconda and Hamilton, Montana to explore the creation of the Old and New Wests. For nearly a century, Anaconda functioned as a copper smelting city. However, since the smelter closed the community has witnessed withering population losses, economic contraction, and investment withdrawal. Alternatively, Hamilton has a long history of recreational and leisure amenity investment. Recently, Hamilton's rapid population growth, economic expansion and considerable investment have transformed the community. This research seeks to understand and interpret the chan...; Download File | View full details

A Non-Autonomous Bursting Model for Neurons: Author: Latulippe, Joe Jean-Marc; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Mathematics; Abstract: Certain mammalian visual neurons exhibit On and Off responses when given a light stimulus. In addition to these responses, [51] showed that for retinal ganglion cells, the neuron will also exhibit a Mixed response when given two simultaneous stimuli in different regions of the cell's receptive field. This Mixed response is a nonlinear combination of the On and Off responses. In this dissertation, a single cell model which can reproduce On, Off, and Mixed responses is developed and examined using leading order analyses and averaging. This model is developed from a current balance equation which...; Download File | View full details

City and Nature: Sensory Experiences: Author: Huard, Dallas Christopher; Date: 2007-05-15; Program: Architecture; Abstract: Images come to mind when I take the time to think about what architecture means to me. These images, from my childhood, from exposure to my surroundings, from my experiences and training, even though this part of my life is still limited show me how simple arechitecture can be. I am always surprised that since I began studying the many aspects of architecture it has become so much more important to me. There are moments that I am able to recall the way the wind surged through a space or the way clouds would come alive and dance in a store window. It is these aspects of architecture that have b...; Download File | View full details

A comprehensive Bayesian approach to gravitational wave astronomy: Author: Littenberg, Tyson Bailey; Date: 2009-05-15; Program: Physics; Abstract: The challenge of determining whether data from a gravitational wave detector contains signals which are cosmic in origin is the central problem in gravitational wave astronomy. The "detection problem" is particularly challenging for low amplitude signals embedded in "glitchy" instrument noise. It is imperative that we can robustly distinguish between the data being consistent with instrument noise alone, or noise and a weak gravitational wave signal. In response to this challenge we have set out to develop a robust, general purpose approach that can locate and characterize ...; Download File | View full details

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